| Quantity: | |
|---|---|
Tris-Tribromoneopenthyl Phosphate (TTBNP) is a halogen-phosphorus synergistic flame retardant that combines the flame-suppression effects of bromine and phosphorus—delivering superior fire safety at lower addition levels. With a total halogen content (bromine) of ≈68% and phosphorus content of ≈4.5%, it exhibits both gas-phase (bromine radicals) and condensed-phase (phosphorus charring) flame-retardant mechanisms, making it ideal for polyurethane foams, epoxy resins, and PVC. Unlike single-mechanism flame retardants, it reduces smoke emission by up to 50% (per GB/T 8627-2017) and minimizes toxic gas release during combustion. Its low viscosity (≈300 mPa·s at 25℃) ensures easy mixing with liquid resins, while compliance with RoHS 2.0 and REACH SVHC expands its use in global markets. It is widely applied in furniture foams, electrical insulation, and automotive seat cushions.
TTBNP’s unique combination of ≈68% bromine and ≈4.5% phosphorus creates a synergistic effect that outperforms single-halogen or single-phosphorus flame retardants. Bromine radicals interrupt the combustion chain reaction in the gas phase, while phosphorus promotes char formation in the condensed phase—forming a protective layer that blocks heat and oxygen. This dual mechanism enables polyurethane foams to achieve UL94 HF-1 (horizontal flame) rating with addition levels as low as 8–10%, compared to 15–20% for single brominated flame retardants. For example, flexible polyurethane foam with 9% TTBNP self-extinguishes within 3 seconds and has a smoke density (Ds, max) of <100 (per ASTM E662), suitable for furniture and mattress applications.
A key environmental advantage is its ability to reduce smoke and toxic gas release during combustion. Testing per GB/T 8627-2017 shows it lowers smoke density by 50% and hydrogen bromide (HBr) emission by 40% compared to traditional brominated flame retardants (e.g., decabromodiphenyl oxide). This makes it ideal for enclosed spaces like aircraft cabins, train interiors, and residential buildings—where smoke inhalation is a leading cause of fire-related injuries. For instance, epoxy resin coatings with TTBNP emit <50 ppm HBr during combustion, complying with aerospace standards (e.g., FAR 25.853) for toxic gas limits.
With a viscosity of ≈300 mPa·s at 25℃ and liquid state at room temperature, TTBNP mixes uniformly with liquid resins like polyurethane prepolymers, epoxy resins, and PVC plastisols. It requires no melting or grinding, simplifying formulation and reducing production time. Unlike solid flame retardants that may settle in liquid resins, TTBNP remains stable in solution for up to 6 months (at 25℃), ensuring consistent flame-retardant performance across batches. For example, in two-component polyurethane foam production, TTBNP is easily blended with polyol components, maintaining the foam’s expansion ratio and cell structure.
TTBNP has minimal effect on the mechanical and physical properties of base materials. Flexible polyurethane foam with 10% TTBNP retains >95% of its original tensile strength (≈180 kPa) and elongation at break (≈300%), ensuring comfort and durability in furniture cushions. In epoxy resins, it increases the glass transition temperature (Tg) by 2–3℃ (to ≈125℃) instead of reducing it—improving thermal stability for electrical insulation applications. Its low volatility (vapor pressure <0.1 Pa at 25℃) also prevents material shrinkage or weight loss during aging.
TTBNP complies with RoHS 2.0 (2011/65/EU), REACH SVHC (no listed substances), and California Proposition 65. It contains no PBDEs, PBBs, or heavy metals, eliminating trade barriers for exports to the EU and North America. It also exhibits excellent hydrolysis resistance—with <0.5% weight loss after 1,000 hours in 50℃ water—ensuring long-term flame-retardant performance in humid environments (e.g., bathroom furniture, marine foam).
| Category | Specifications |
| Chemical Identifiers | CAS Number: 19186-97-1 |
| Molecular Formula: C₁₅H₂₄Br₉O₄P | |
| Molecular Weight: 1018.63 g/mol | |
| Bromine Content: ≈68% (by weight, via titration) | |
| Phosphorus Content: ≈4.5% (by weight, via ICP-MS) | |
| Physical & Thermal Properties | Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow transparent liquid (no sediment, high purity) |
| Viscosity: ≈300 mPa·s at 25℃ (per ASTM D445) | |
| Boiling Point: >350℃ (at 1 atm, no boiling below decomposition) | |
| Decomposition Temperature: >280℃ (5% weight loss temperature, TGA under N₂) | |
| Flash Point: ≈280℃ (closed cup, per ASTM D93) | |
| Water Solubility: <0.1 g/L at 25℃ (insoluble) |
• Recommended Addition Level: 8–10% (polyurethane foam, UL94 HF-1); 10–12% (epoxy resin, UL94 V-0); 12–15% (PVC, UL94 V-0)
• Compatible Resins: Polyurethane (flexible/rigid foam), epoxy, PVC, unsaturated polyester
• Mixing Method: Direct blending with liquid resins; no additional solvents required
TTBNP is widely used in flexible polyurethane foams for furniture cushions, mattress cores, and automotive seat cushions. Adding 8–9% TTBNP enables the foam to meet CAL 117 (California furniture flammability standard) and BS 5852 (UK mattress fire safety standard). For example, mattress foam with 9% TTBNP resists ignition from cigarettes and open flames, reducing the risk of residential fires. Its low impact on foam softness (indentation force deflection ≈350 N) ensures user comfort.
In epoxy resins, it is used for electrical laminates (PCB substrates), potting compounds, and transformer insulation. Epoxy laminates with 10% TTBNP achieve UL94 V-0 (1.6mm) and meet IEC 61249-2-21 (flame-retardant PCB standards). For transformer potting compounds, it enhances electrical insulation (volume resistivity >10¹⁴ Ω·cm) while providing flame protection—critical for high-voltage electrical equipment. Its ability to increase Tg also ensures the potting compound retains stability at elevated temperatures (up to 120℃).
Rigid polyurethane foams for building insulation and refrigeration panels benefit from TTBNP’s flame retardancy. Adding 10–12% TTBNP meets ASTM E84 (Class A fire rating) for building insulation, with a thermal conductivity of ≈0.022 W/(m·K)—maintaining the foam’s insulation efficiency. For refrigeration panels (e.g., in freezers), it resists hydrolysis and low temperatures (–40℃), ensuring long-term performance without losing flame retardancy.
In PVC, TTBNP is used in plastisols for floor coverings, wire insulation, and wall panels. PVC floor coverings with 12% TTBNP meet EN 13501-1 (Bfl-s1 grade), resisting flame spread and reducing smoke emission in commercial buildings. For PVC wire insulation, it enables compliance with UL 1581, preventing fire propagation along cables in data centers and residential wiring. Its compatibility with PVC plasticizers also ensures the insulation retains flexibility (Shore A hardness ≈70) over time.
It combines bromine (≈68%) and phosphorus (≈4.5%) for synergistic gas-phase and condensed-phase flame suppression.
It is suitable for polyurethane foam, epoxy resin, PVC, and unsaturated polyester.
Yes, it lowers smoke density by 50% and HBr emission by 40% compared to traditional brominated flame retardants.
It is a colorless to pale yellow transparent liquid with low viscosity (≈300 mPa·s at 25℃) for easy mixing.
