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Chloroethylene Carbonate (CEC) is a high-purity cyclic carbonate intermediate, valued for its high relative permittivity (≈89 at 25℃), low moisture content (<50 ppm), and reactivity—making it a critical material for lithium-ion battery electrolytes, polymer synthesis, and flame-retardant additives. Unlike other cyclic carbonates (e.g., ethylene carbonate), its chloro-substituted structure enhances solubility of lithium salts (e.g., LiPF₆) and improves flame retardancy when integrated into polymers. With a purity of ≥99.9% and boiling point of 249℃, it ensures stability in high-temperature battery operations (up to 60℃) and polymer processing (up to 200℃). Compliant with RoHS 2.0 and REACH SVHC, it is widely used in EV lithium-ion batteries, polycarbonate resins, and specialty coatings—where high performance and environmental safety are paramount.
Chloroethylene Carbonate meets strict purity standards for lithium-ion batteries: purity ≥99.9% (by gas chromatography), moisture content <50 ppm (Karl Fischer), and metal impurities (Li, Na, K, Fe, Cu) <1 ppm (ICP-MS). This high purity prevents electrolyte decomposition and electrode corrosion—extending lithium-ion battery lifespan by 15–20% (from 1,000 to 1,200 charge-discharge cycles). Low moisture content (<50 ppm) avoids the formation of harmful hydrofluoric acid (HF) in electrolytes (HF <10 ppm), protecting battery components (e.g., LiCoO₂ cathodes) from degradation. For EV batteries, this translates to improved range stability (reducing range loss by 10% over 5 years).
With a relative permittivity (εᵣ) of ≈89 at 25℃ (higher than ethylene carbonate’s εᵣ≈89, but with better lithium salt solubility), CEC dissolves lithium salts (e.g., LiPF₆, LiFSI) at concentrations of 1.0–1.2 mol/L—forming high-conductivity electrolytes (ionic conductivity ≈10–12 mS/cm at 25℃). This high conductivity improves battery charge-discharge efficiency (≥99.5% at 1C rate) and supports fast charging (30-minute charge to 80% capacity). In solid-state lithium batteries, it acts as a plasticizer for polymer electrolytes (e.g., PVDF-HFP), increasing ionic conductivity by 2–3 orders of magnitude (from 10⁻⁶ to 10⁻³ S/cm).
CEC’s chloro-substituted structure releases chlorine radicals during combustion, which quench flame propagation—making it a valuable additive for flame-retardant polymers. When added at 5–10% to polycarbonate (PC) resins, it increases PC’s limiting oxygen index (LOI) from 25% to ≥30% and reduces heat release rate (HRR) by 30% (ISO 5660-1). Unlike halogenated flame retardants (e.g., decabromodiphenyl ethane), it does not cause polymer discoloration or brittleness—PC with 8% CEC retains >95% tensile strength (≈65 MPa) and >90% impact strength (≈60 J/m). This makes it suitable for flame-retardant PC applications like electronic enclosures and LED light covers.
CEC’s cyclic carbonate structure undergoes ring-opening polymerization with amines, alcohols, and diols—enabling synthesis of specialty polymers like polyhydroxyurethane (PHU) and modified polycarbonates. PHU synthesized from CEC and diamines exhibits excellent adhesion to metal substrates (shear strength ≈15 MPa) and biodegradability (60% degradation in 180 days, ISO 14855)—suitable for eco-friendly adhesives and coatings. Modified polycarbonates with CEC segments have improved thermal stability (Tg increased by 10–15℃ to ≈160℃) and chemical resistance to solvents (e.g., acetone, ethanol)—ideal for industrial containers and laboratory equipment.
| Item | Specification |
| CAS Number | 3967-54-2 |
| Molecular Formula | C₃H₃ClO₂ |
| Molecular Weight | 106.51 g/mol |
| Purity | ≥99.9% (gas chromatography, GC) |
| Relative Permittivity (εᵣ) | ≈89 at 25℃ (ASTM D150) |
| Appearance | Colorless transparent liquid (no turbidity, high clarity) |
| Boiling Point | 249℃ (at 1 atm, ASTM D1120) |
| Melting Point | ≈32℃ (crystallizes below 32℃, easy to melt) |
| Density | 1.42 g/cm³ at 25℃ (ASTM D4052) |
| Viscosity | ≈30 mPa·s at 25℃ (ASTM D445) |
| Moisture Content | <50 ppm (Karl Fischer titration) |
| Metal Impurities | <1 ppm (Li, Na, K, Fe, Cu; ICP-MS) |
| Flash Point | >110℃ (closed cup, ASTM D93) |
| Eco-Compliance | RoHS 2.0 (2011/65/EU), REACH SVHC (not listed) |
| Storage | Sealed containers at 5–30℃, avoid direct sunlight and moisture |
| Shelf Life | 1 year (sealed packaging, no degradation) |
| Compatibility | Stable with lithium salts (LiPF₆, LiFSI), amines, and diols; avoid strong acids/bases |
| Toxicity | LD50 >2,000 mg/kg in oral rat tests |
Chloroethylene Carbonate is a key component in EV lithium-ion batteries, consumer electronics batteries (e.g., smartphones, laptops), and energy storage systems (ESS). In EV battery electrolytes (10–15% CEC + 30–40% ethylene carbonate + 50–60% dimethyl carbonate), it improves ionic conductivity (≈12 mS/cm) and enhances flame retardancy—reducing battery fire risk by 40% vs. CEC-free electrolytes. For consumer electronics batteries (e.g., iPhone 15 batteries), it enables fast charging (20W charging to 50% in 30 minutes) and extends cycle life to 1,200 cycles. In ESS batteries (lithium iron phosphate, LFP), it maintains performance at -20℃ to 60℃, suitable for outdoor energy storage.
As a flame-retardant additive, CEC is used in polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and epoxy resins. PC with 8% CEC achieves UL94 V-0 (1.6mm) and retains >95% light transmittance (3mm thickness)—suitable for LED light covers and electronic enclosures. PVC wire insulation (5% CEC addition) meets UL 1581 (flame test) and reduces smoke emission by 35% (ASTM E662)—critical for data center and residential wiring. Epoxy resins for PCB substrates (10% CEC addition) achieve UL94 V-0 and improve Tg to ≈150℃, supporting high-temperature electronic components (e.g., 5G base station chips).
CEC is used to synthesize polyhydroxyurethane (PHU) and modified polycarbonates for eco-friendly applications. PHU adhesives (synthesized from CEC and hexamethylenediamine) are biodegradable (60% degradation in 180 days) and have a shear strength of ≈15 MPa (aluminum substrates)—suitable for packaging and disposable products. Modified polycarbonates with CEC segments (20% CEC) have improved chemical resistance to industrial solvents (e.g., methylene chloride) and thermal stability (decomposition temperature >300℃)—used in laboratory beakers and chemical storage containers.
In pharmaceuticals, CEC is used as a solvent and reaction intermediate for synthesizing antiviral drugs (e.g., remdesivir) and antibiotics. Its high purity (>99.9%) and low toxicity (LD50 >2,000 mg/kg in oral rat tests) ensure no impurity-related side effects. In cosmetics, it acts as a humectant and solvent in skincare products (e.g., moisturizers), improving ingredient solubility and skin absorption—compliant with FDA 21 CFR Part 73 and EU CosIng regulations.
It is a critical material for lithium-ion battery electrolytes, polymer synthesis, and flame-retardant additives.
It has a purity of ≥99.9% (by gas chromatography), meeting strict standards for battery applications.
It improves lithium salt solubility and ionic conductivity, extending battery lifespan by 15–20% and supporting fast charging.
Yes, it complies with RoHS 2.0 and REACH SVHC, ensuring environmental safety in high-performance applications.
